Diferencias sexuales en tareas emocionales y cognitivas en ratas expuestas a atracones de alcohol y en controles durante la adultez temprana
Palabras clave:
alcohol, adolescencia, comportamiento, atracones, diferencias sexualesResumen
Integrar la perspectiva de sexo en estudios preclínicos sobre la exposición excesiva a alcohol durante la juventud o la adultez temprana sigue siendo limitada. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar los efectos de altas dosis de etanol en el comportamiento emocional y la cognición en ratas de 8 semanas de edad, considerando diferencias de sexo. Machos y hembras fueron expuestos a atracones de etanol (3 g/kg, vía oral; 3 veces al día durante 4 días) en un paradigma de dos días alternos, y evaluados en el laberinto elevado en cruz (EPM), la prueba de natación forzada (FST), la prueba de preferencia de sacarina (SPT), el laberinto acuático de Morris (MWM) y la prueba de reconocimiento de objetos nuevos (NOR). Se observaron diferencias basales entre machos y hembras controles en tareas emocionales, motivacionales y cognitivas. Además, la Exposición Intensiva al Alcohol (EIA) ejerció efectos específicos por sexo en: a) EPM: los machos mostraron ansiedad y ningún efecto en las hembras; b) FST: síntomas similares a la depresión en ambos sexos, pero un tiempo de inmovilidad más pronunciado en las hembras; c) Prueba NOR: Se observó deterioro de la memoria a corto plazo en ambos sexos, pero las hembras mostraron un mejor rendimiento a largo plazo en comparación con sus controles. No se observaron efectos relacionados con la EIA en las pruebas de conducta SPT ni en MWM. Estos resultados sugieren diferencias inherentes entre sexos en el rendimiento de los roedores en pruebas conductuales que evalúan las conductas emocionales, motivacionales y cognitivas. Además, la EIA podría afectar de forma diferente a machos y hembras durante la abstinencia en adultez temprana. Estos hallazgos subrayan la importancia de considerar el sexo como una variable crítica en los estudios preclínicos.Citas
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