Lesión medular y uso de sustancias: una revisión sistemática Spinal cord injury and substance use: a systematic review

Autores/as

  • P. Lusilla-Palacios Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona
  • Carmina Castellano-Tejedor Instituto de Investigación Vall d’Hebron

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.20882/adicciones.754

Palabras clave:

Lesión medular, uso de sustancias, trastorno por uso de sustancias, comportamiento adictivo, salud Spinal cord injury, substance use, substance use disorders, addictive behaviours, health outcomes

Resumen

El objetivo de este estudio fue el de revisar los hallazgos recientes sobre la prevalencia de uso de sustancias (US) y trastornos por uso de sustancias (TUS) y discutir su impacto en la salud en población con lesiones medulares (LM). Para este propósito, se realizaron búsquedas asistidas por ordenador en MEDLINE (PubMed) y en la Biblioteca Cochrane. A partir de un conjunto inicial de 59 artículos, 52 cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. La mayoría de trabajos se centraban en el consumo de alcohol y tabaco, y sólo unos pocos informaron acerca del uso de otras sustancias. El tipo de diseño de investigación fue mayoritariamente transversal y descriptivo, siendo escasos los estudios de intervención y longitudinales. A pesar de la alta prevalencia de US documentada en pacientes con LM, apenas existen trabajos sobre el consumo previo a la LM y de diseño longitudinal. Además, cuando se ha evaluado el TUS, éste no se ha estudiado de forma sistemática siguiendo criterios diagnósticos CIE o DSM. El alcohol ha resultado ser la sustancia más consumida entre esta población. Además, los pacientes con US han mostrado peores puntuaciones en distintos indicadores de salud. Por ello, se necesita más investigación para seguir avanzando en este ámbito de estudio, así como para poder diseñar intervenciones preventivas más efectivas adaptadas a las necesidades específicas de esta población, y para sugerir prioridades de investigación. 
The objective of this study was to review recent findings about the prevalence of substance use (SU) and substance use disorders (SUD), and to discuss the related impact on health in spinal cord injury (SCI) population. For this purpose, computer-aided searches of MEDLINE (PubMed) and the Cochrane Library were conducted. From an initial pool of 59 articles, 52 met the inclusion criteria. Most of the studies referred to alcohol and tobacco and only a few studies reported on other substances. Study designs were mainly cross-sectional and descriptive, with scarce intervention and longitudinal studies.  Although a high prevalence of post-injury SU has been documented among SCI patients, limited research exists on pre-injury SU and on longitudinal studies. Moreover, when exploring SUD, it has not been systematically studied in accordance with CIE or DSM criteria. Alcohol appears to be the most consumed substance among this population. Additionally, those patients with SU have shown poorer outcomes in different health indicators. Therefore, more insight is required to increase scientific knowledge in this field and to recommend tailored preventive interventions and research priorities in relation to this population. 

Biografía del autor/a

P. Lusilla-Palacios, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona

Departamento de Psiquiatría, Hospital Universitario Vall d’Hebron, CIBERSAM, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Passeig de la Vall d’Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, España 

Carmina Castellano-Tejedor, Instituto de Investigación Vall d’Hebron

Instituto de Investigación Vall d’Hebron, Passeig de la Vall d’Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, España

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Publicado

2015-12-15

Número

Vol. 27 Núm. 4 (2015)

Sección

Revisión