Trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad y dependencia de sustancias depresoras. Una revisión
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20882/adicciones.65Palabras clave:
TDAH, adicciones, alcohol, cannabis, opiáceosResumen
Existe una elevada comorbilidad entre el trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad (TDAH) y los trastornos por uso de sustancias. Se revisala literatura sobre la prevalencia, características clínicas y tratamiento de la comorbilidad del TDAH con la dependencia de sustancias depresoras del SNC. Las prevalencias encontradas presentan amplia variabilidad (4,5% a58%). El TDAH se asocia a una mayor gravedad de la adicción, menor edadde inicio del consumo y de la adicción, mayor presencia de otros trastornospsicopatológicos y mayor cronicidad. En pacientes drogodependientes el diagnóstico es un proceso complejo por el frecuente solapamiento de síntomas. Los instrumentos de cribado se deben utilizar con precaución.El tratamiento farmacológico ha mostrado eficacia en la reducción de los síntomas del TDAH y no hay consenso respecto a su influencia sobre elconsumo. Sin embargo, los resultados se deben interpretar con cautela, porque las muestras son pequeñas. Las intervenciones psicoeducativas son relevantes, pero no se han descrito, ni estudiado sistemáticamente los resultados de este tipo de intervenciones.Citas
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