Políticas sobre el Alcohol en los países miembros de la Unión Europea y Noruega, 1950-2000

E. Österberg, T. Karlsson

Resumen


A principios de la década de 1950, las medidas de control del alcohol eran muy diferentes entre los países que actualmente integran la Unión Europea. En los países nórdicos, las tasas impositivas sobre las bebidas alcohólicas eran muy altas y su venta estaba rigurosamente controlada. En algunos países mediterráneos, apenas había medidas vigentes que controlaran su consumo y el término “política del alcohol” ni siquiera se conocía. El presente artículo describe los cambios experimentados en Noruega y en los países que actualmente conforman la Unión Europea desde la década de 1950 hasta el año 2000. Mostrará los cambios tan profundos que se han producido en las medidas de control del alcohol y, a consecuencia de ello, lo parecidas que se han vuelto las políticas del alcohol en todos estos países. Ello ha ocurrido, en cierta medida, porque los países nórdicos se han visto obligados a abandonar su control absoluto de la venta y el suministro de alcohol, renunciando a parte de su monopolio sobre este producto. Por otro lado, aunque los países del sur y del centro de Europa han adoptado más medidas para controlar el consumo de alcohol, no han intentado regular la venta y el suministro de este producto sino moldear su demanda o influir directamente sobre algunos problemas relacionados con él, como, por ejemplo, conducir en estado de embriaguez.


Palabras clave


alcohol; políticas; Unión Europea; revisión; medidas de control; historia

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Referencias


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.20882/adicciones.502

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