Isoflavonas de soja para el tratamiento del trastorno por consumo de cocaína: Un estudio piloto abierto
Isoflavonas de soja para el tratamiento del trastorno por consumo de cocaína: un estudio piloto abierto.
Palabras clave:
cocaína, enzima aldehído-deshidrogenasa-2, daidzina, daidzeína, extracto de isoflavonas de soja, estudio clínicoResumen
Las sojas contienen diferentes isoflavonas (principalmente daidzeína) que actúan como inhibidores reversibles de la enzima aldehído-deshidrogenasa 2 (ALDH2). Esta actividad se ha relacionado, en experimentos con animales, con una reducción del consumo de cocaína. Nuestro objetivo fue realizar un estudio piloto abierto para evaluar la posible eficacia de las isoflavonas de soja como inhibidor natural de ALDH2 en el trastorno por consumo de cocaína. Nueve sujetos con trastorno por consumo de cocaína grave participaron en un ensayo abierto, no controlado y de un solo centro durante 12 semanas de tratamiento y 4 semanas de seguimiento. El Substance Use Report (SUR) mostró que tres sujetos (33,3%) informaron un consumo de cocaína inferior al 20% (es decir, un 80% de días sin consumo) entre las semanas 10 y 12 del tratamiento, frente a dos (22,2%) al inicio, aunque esta diferencia no fue estadísticamente significativa. Este hallazgo no pudo confirmarse mediante la detección de metabolitos urinarios de la cocaína. Siete participantes (77,8%) completaron el estudio a las 16 semanas y uno (11,1%) a las 12 semanas. Las concentraciones urinarias de isoflavonas demostraron que ocho participantes (88,9%) siguieron el tratamiento a lo largo del estudio. La Severity Dependence Scale (SDS) mostró una disminución significativa en las puntuaciones entre la línea basal y las 12 semanas, la línea basal y las 16 semanas, y entre las 12 y las 16 semanas. Las escalas Brief Substance Craving Scale (BSCS) y Cocaine Selective Severity Assessment (CSSA) también disminuyeron, aunque sin alcanzar significación estadística. Se observaron mejoras significativas en diferentes áreas de la escala SF-36: las puntuaciones de dolor corporal disminuyeron de manera significativa entre el inicio y las 16 semanas; la función social mejoró significativamente entre la línea basal y las 12 semanas, así como entre la línea basal y las 16 semanas; el resto de las áreas mejoraron sus puntuaciones, aunque sin significación estadística. Estos hallazgos muestran una reducción en los días de consumo de cocaína, así como una alta retención y adherencia al tratamiento, aunque no se logró una abstinencia completa. Las isoflavonas de soja podrían considerarse como un tratamiento potencial en futuras investigaciones, que deberían confirmarse mediante estudios controlados con placebo y tamaño muestral adecuado.Citas
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