Modelo relacional de la recuperación centrada en el bienestar en el trastorno por uso de alcohol
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20882/adicciones.2037Palabras clave:
Modelo de recuperación, Trastorno por uso de alcohol, salud mental positiva, malestar funcional, recuperación enriquecida, afrontamientoResumen
El bienestar es un elemento clave de las definiciones actuales de recuperación en el trastorno por uso de alcohol (TUA). No obstante, es preciso desarrollar un marco unificado para conceptualizar la recuperación, caracterizar sus elementos y los mecanismos para lograrla. El objetivo del estudio fue proponer un modelo que relacionara las dimensiones psicológicas implicadas en la recuperación del TUA. Se evaluó a 348 participantes con diferentes períodos de abstinencia (rango:1 mes-28 años), mediante autoinformes de bienestar psicológico, calidad de vida, emocionalidad negativa y estrategias de afrontamiento. El análisis estadístico contó con un análisis factorial exploratorio (AFE) para identificar las dimensiones subyacentes a los indicadores evaluados y un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales (SEM) que las interrelacionó. El AFE identificó 3 factores que explicaron el 54,95% de la varianza: i) Afrontamiento; ii) Malestar Funcional (gestión emocional y capital de recuperación); iii) Salud Mental Positiva (bienestar y calidad de vida). El SEM mostró buenos índices de ajuste (GFI = 1,00, SRMR = ,137) y explicó el 85% de la varianza en Salud Mental Positiva (R2 = ,85). Los resultados muestran que el tiempo de abstinencia se asocia con el aumento del empleo de estrategias de afrontamiento, lo que contribuye a la mejora del malestar funcional, y esto favorece la salud mental positiva. Esta investigación representa la primera propuesta metodológicamente sólida realizada en España para un modelo clínico de recuperación centrado en el bienestar, que redefine la comprensión de la recuperación en el TUA y proporciona soporte para intervenciones clínicas y evaluaciones más efectivas.Citas
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