Desmontando estereotipos: Orientación sexual y riesgo para el consumo de sustancias en la adolescencia Dismantling stereotypes: Sexual orientation and risk for substance use in adolescence

Autores/as

  • Alicia Pérez de Albéniz Universidad de La Rioja Programa Riojano de Investigación en Salud Mental (PRISMA)
  • Beatriz Lucas Molina Programa Riojano de Investigación en Salud Mental (PRISMA) Universitat de València
  • Adriana Díez-Gómez Universidad de La Rioja Programa Riojano de Investigación en Salud Mental (PRISMA)
  • Julia Pérez-Sáenz Universidad de La Rioja Programa Riojano de Investigación en Salud Mental (PRISMA)
  • Eduardo Fonseca-Pedrero Universidad de La Rioja Programa Riojano de Investigación en Salud Mental (PRISMA)

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.20882/adicciones.1986

Palabras clave:

Minorías sexuales, uso de sustancias, adolescencia, drogas. Sexual minorities, substance use, adolescence, drugs.

Resumen

El uso y abuso de sustancias es un importante problema de salud pública. La investigación generalmente ha mostrado que los grupos de personas de minorías sexuales como lesbianas, gais, bisexuales, transexuales y otros (LGBT+) se ubican entre los grupos vulnerables de mayor riesgo de consumo. Sin embargo, la investigación en el contexto español es muy escasa y no ha analizado esta cuestión. Esta investigación, por lo tanto, pretendió analizar el consumo de sustancias en jóvenes según su orientación sexual a través de dos estudios utilizando muestras representativas de adolescentes. Los análisis revelaron únicamente algunas diferencias en el consumo de sustancias por parte de los grupos de minorías sexuales. Los y las adolescentes bisexuales presentaron una frecuencia mayor de consumo en algunos indicadores de tabaco, cannabis y alcohol y las lesbianas mostraron una mayor frecuencia de consumo intensivo de alcohol, pero no otros indicadores de consumo diferencial. Por su parte, los adolescentes questioning presentaron las tasas de consumo más bajas en comparación con los otros grupos en muchos indicadores. Los resultados de ambos estudios podrían indicar, al menos con estas muestras y con estos indicadores, que no existe un uso generalizado y más frecuente de sustancias por parte de personas de minorías sexuales, lo que podría sugerir la existencia de un estereotipo y no tanto responder a un hecho.
Substance use and abuse is a major public health problem. Research has generally shown that sexual minority groups such as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and other (LGBT+) people are among the most at-risk vulnerable groups for substance use. However, research in the Spanish context is very scarce and has not analyzed these issues. This research, therefore, aimed to analyze substance use in young people according to their sexual orientation through two studies using representative samples of adolescents. The analyses revealed only some differences in substance use by sexual minority groups. Bisexual adolescents showed a higher frequency of use in some indicators of tobacco, cannabis and alcohol, and lesbians showed a higher frequency of heavy alcohol use but no other indicators of differential use. Questioning adolescents, on the other hand, had the lowest rates of use compared to the other groups on many indicators. Results derived from both studies could indicate, at least with these samples and indicators, that there is no generalized and more frequent use of substances by people of sexual minority groups, which could suggest the existence of a stereotype rather than a fact.

Citas

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Publicado

2025-03-25

Número

Vol. 37 Núm. 1 (2025)

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