Abstinencia a los 12 meses de un programa multicomponente para dejar de fumar Smoking cessation after 12 months with multi-component therapy

Autores/as

  • Antònia Raich Unidad de Tabaquismo, Althaia Xarxa Assistencial Universitària de Manresa FP. Departamento de Ciencias Clínicas, Campus de Bellvitge, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona.
  • Jose Maria Martínez-Sánchez Unidad de Control del Tabaquismo, Institut Català d’Oncologia (ICO-IDIBELL). Unidad de Bioestadística, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallès.
  • Emili Marquilles Unidad de Tabaquismo, Althaia Xarxa Assistencial Universitària de Manresa FP.
  • Lídia Rubio Unidad de Tabaquismo, Althaia Xarxa Assistencial Universitària de Manresa FP.
  • Marcela Fu Unidad de Control del Tabaquismo, Institut Català d’Oncologia (ICO-IDIBELL).
  • Esteve Fernández Unidad de Control del Tabaquismo, Institut Català d’Oncologia (ICO-IDIBELL). Departamento de Ciencias Clínicas, Campus de Bellvitge, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.20882/adicciones.192

Palabras clave:

tratamiento multicomponente, deshabituación tabá­quica, trastornos mentales, pacientes con alta dependencia. multimodal treatment, smoking cessation, mental disorders, heavy smokers.

Resumen

El tabaquismo es una de las causas de morbimortalidad más importantes en los países desarrollados. Uno de los objetivos prioritarios de los programas de salud pública es la disminución de su prevalencia lo que implica que millones de personas dejen de fumar, sin embargo los programas de cesación a menudo tienen resultados discretos, especialmente con algunos grupos de población. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la eficacia de un tratamiento de cesación tabáquica multicomponente realizado en una unidad de tabaquismo hospitalaria. Fue realizado en la Unidad de Tabaquismo del Hospital de Manresa, e incluyó 314 pacientes (91,4% presentaban un nivel de dependencia medio o alto). Se observó que el nivel de estudios, no convivir con fumadores, seguir la terapia multicomponente y utilizar tratamiento farmacológico son factores relevantes en el éxito al dejar de fumar. La tasa de abstinencia no se asocia con otras características como el sexo, la edad, las características del hábito tabáquico o el presentar antecedentes psiquiátricos. La combinación del tratamiento farmacológico y psicológico aumentó las tasas de éxito en la terapia multicomponente. La terapia psicológica única también obtuvo resultados positivos aunque más modestos.
Smoking is one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality in developed countries. One of the priorities of public health programmes is the reduction of its prevalence, which would involve millions of people quitting smoking, but cessation programs often have modest results, especially within certain population groups. The aim of this study was to analyze the variables determining the success of a multicomponent therapy programme for smoking cessation. We conducted the study in the Smoking Addiction Unit at the Hospital of Manresa, with 314 patients (91.4% of whom had medium or high-level dependency). We observed that higher educational level, not living with a smoker, following a multimodal programme for smoking cessation with psychological therapy, and pharmacological treatment are relevant factors for quitting smoking. Abstinence rates are not associated with other factors, such as sex, age, smoking behaviour characteristics or psychiatric history. The combination of pharmacological and psychological treatment increased success rates in multicomponent therapy. Psychological therapy only also obtained positive results, though somewhat more modest.

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Publicado

2015-03-01

Número

Vol. 27 Núm. 1 (2015)

Sección

Originales