Retraso en el acceso al primer tratamiento para la adicción en usuarios de opiáceos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20882/adicciones.1919Palabras clave:
Opiáceos, heroína, retraso en tratamiento, nuevos usuarios, adicción.Resumen
La búsqueda temprana de tratamiento para la adicción a los opiáceos se relaciona con un aumento de las posibilidades de éxito en el mismo. Los nuevos pacientes que buscan este tratamiento, y el tiempo que tardan en demandarlo, han sido escasamente descritos en España y Europa. El objetivo del presente estudio es identificar los factores individuales relacionados con el retraso en acudir por primera vez a tratamiento para la adicción a opiáceos. Se realizó un estudio transversal de consumidores de opiáceos admitidos por primera vez a tratamiento por adicción en centros públicos de la Comunidad de Madrid entre los años 2017-2019 (n = 366). Se estableció como variable dependiente el tiempo desde el inicio del consumo hasta el tratamiento (THT). Se realizó un análisis descriptivo general de los usuarios, seguido de un análisis bivariante tras dividir la muestra en dos grupos (THT < 5 años y THT ≥ 5 años). Para identificar aquellos factores asociados a un aumento en el THT se realizó un análisis de regresión logística multivariante. El perfil principal de la población de estudio fue: varón de mediana edad, español y desempleado que consume heroína por vía fumada. La mediana de THT fue: 9,27 años para varones y 4,75 para mujeres. Los factores que se asocian a un mayor THT fueron: > 49 años (OR: 5,87; IC95% 1,73-20,00), desempleo (OR: 2,54; IC95% 1,11-5,83), bajo nivel educativo (OR: 2,18; IC95% 1,04-4,59), no tener hogar (OR: 4,18; IC95% 1,29-13,57), primer consumo fuera del domicilio (OR: 2,54; IC95% 1,11-5,84) y VHC positivo (OR: 2,97; IC95% 1,00-8,82). El retraso en acudir a tratamiento se relaciona con los usuarios de más edad y menor nivel sociocultural. Las personas en riesgo de exclusión social deben priorizarse en las intervenciones para facilitar su acceso a los servicios de tratamiento.Citas
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