Impacto de la legalización del consumo recreativo del cannabis

Autores/as

  • Manuel Isorna Universidad de Vigo. Facultad Ciencias Educación y Trabajo Social. Ourense. Grupo PsiComBi. Grupo Ibero Ciência
  • Francisco Pascual UCA-Alcoi. Grupo Ibero Ciência. Socidrogalcohol. Grupo Investigación Prevengo UMH
  • Ester Aso Unitat de Farmacologia, Departament de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona
  • Francisco Arias Programa de Alcohol y Patología Dual. Hospital Doce de Octubre, Madrid. Grupo Ibero Ciência. Socidrogalcohol

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.20882/adicciones.1694

Palabras clave:

cannabis, legalización, uso recreativo, consecuencias del consumo, salud pública

Resumen

En los últimos años se han producido importantes cambios legislativos en numerosos países respecto al consumo de cannabis con fines medicinales y/o recreativos, que han facilitado su accesibilidad. Actualmente, Uruguay, Canadá y algunos estados de EE.UU. han legalizado el consumo recreativo, aplicando distintos modelos legislativos. El objetivo de la presente revisión es analizar los efectos que ha tenido la legalización del cannabis recreativo sobre su consumo y sus consecuencias. En general, las evidencias indican que la legalización se ha asociado a un descenso en el precio, mayor concentración de THC (potencia), mayor diversidad de presentaciones para su consumo, una menor percepción de riesgo y un incremento en el consumo en adultos y de forma moderada en adolescentes (aunque sea ilegal el consumo para ellos), así como un aumento de las consecuencias adversas derivadas del consumo en la salud pública. Se ha producido un descenso en los arrestos relacionados con el consumo, pero el mercado ilegal sigue utilizándose de forma habitual. No se ha detectado un incremento de la demanda de tratamiento por este consumo. Por el momento, estos cambios legislativos no han conseguido alcanzar sus objetivos principales que eran suprimir el mercado ilegal y proteger a los grupos más vulnerables, mientras que, por el contrario, parecen implicar un incremento de algunos aspectos negativos asociados al consumo de cannabis. Sin embargo, teniendo en cuenta que la mayoría de estos cambios legislativos han entrado en vigor hace relativamente poco tiempo, se requiere un periodo de seguimiento mayor para poder extraer conclusiones definitivas. 

Biografía del autor/a

Manuel Isorna, Universidad de Vigo. Facultad Ciencias Educación y Trabajo Social. Ourense. Grupo PsiComBi. Grupo Ibero Ciência

  

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2022-04-20

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