Incremento de la ingesta de alcohol y drogas como estrategia de afrontamiento en trabajadores hospitalarios durante el brote de COVID-19: Estudio transversal. Self-reported increase in alcohol and drugs intake as a coping strategy in hospital workers during COVID-19 outbreak: A cross-sectional study

Autores/as

  • Agustín Madoz-Gúrpide Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria Universidad de Alcalá
  • Mónica Leira-Sanmartín Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal
  • Ángela Ibañez-Cuadrado Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria Universidad de Alcalá Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM)
  • Enriqueta Ochoa-Mangado Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria Universidad de Alcalá

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.20882/adicciones.1643

Palabras clave:

infección por coronavirus 2019, personal de salud, estrés psicológico, factores de riesgo, factores protectores, abuso de alcohol, abuso de sustancias coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), health personnel, psychological stress, risk factors, protective factors, alcohol consumption, drug abuse

Resumen

Las situaciones de estrés psicológico, como la actual pandemia COVID-19, pueden implicar un aumento del consumo de alcohol y otras drogas de abuso como estrategia inadecuada de afrontamiento en profesionales sanitarios. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo estudiar el incremento de la ingesta de alcohol y drogas de abuso en los trabajadores hospitalarios. Persigue también, mediante un análisis de regresión logística, definir qué perfil de trabajador es el más vulnerable a este comportamiento. Para ello se realizó un estudio transversal en un hospital terciario en Madrid, España, durante la primera oleada de COVID-19. Participaron en el estudio un total de 657 trabajadores del hospital, 536 de ellos sanitarios y 121 no sanitarios. La recogida de datos se realizó a través de una encuesta en línea que incluía preguntas sobre hábitos básicos de salud, condiciones del entorno laboral, datos sociodemográficos, así como la versión de 12 ítems del Cuestionario de Salud General. El 17,1% declaró haber aumentado su consumo de alcohol y/o drogas de abuso durante el período analizado. Se asoció a una mayor probabilidad de dicho incremento: sexo masculino (p = ,044), vivir sin personas dependientes a cargo (p = ,005), ser médico adjunto o residente (p = ,010), haber trabajado en primera línea de COVID (p = ,058), presentar malos hábitos nutricionales (p = ,004) y realizar autoprescripción de fármacos psicotrópicos para controlar la ansiedad y el insomnio (p = ,003). Un porcentaje significativo de los trabajadores hospitalarios ha aumentado su consumo de alcohol y drogas de abuso durante la primera oleada de la pandemia COVID-19, existiendo un perfil de mayor riesgo para esta práctica.  
Situations of psychological stress, such as the current COVID-19 pandemic, could lead to an increase in the consumption of alcohol and other drugs of abuse as an inadequate coping strategy in health workers. This study aimed to investigate the intake of alcohol and drugs of abuse in hospital workers during the first wave of COVID-19. A further focus was to define the worker profile most vulnerable to this behavior through a logistic regression analysis. A cross-sectional study in a tertiary hospital in Madrid, Spain, during the first wave of COVID-19 was designed. Information was collected from a sample (n = 657) of healthcare workers (n = 536) and non-healthcare workers (n = 121). An online survey (including questions about basic health habits, working environment conditions, sociodemographic data, and the 12-item version of the General Health Questionnaire as a measure of psychological well-being) was conducted. Increased consumption of alcohol and/or drugs of abuse during the analyzed period of the pandemic was reported by 17.1% of workers. The following variables were associated with a higher probability of increased consumption of alcohol and/or drugs of abuse: male gender (p = .044), living alone or without dependents (p = .005), staff physician or resident (p = .010), having worked on the COVID frontline (p = .058), poor nutritional habits (p = .004) and self-prescription of psychotropic drugs to manage anxiety and insomnia (p = .003). A significant percentage of hospital workers increased their consumption of alcohol and drugs of abuse during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. A professional risk profile can be defined for this practice. 

Biografía del autor/a

Agustín Madoz-Gúrpide, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria Universidad de Alcalá

Departamento de PsiquiatríaDepartamento de Medicina y Especialidades Médicas 

Mónica Leira-Sanmartín, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal

Departamento de Psiquiatría

Ángela Ibañez-Cuadrado, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria Universidad de Alcalá Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM)

Departamento de PsiquiatríaDepartamento de Medicina y Especialidades Médicas

Enriqueta Ochoa-Mangado, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria Universidad de Alcalá

Departamento de PsiquiatríaDepartamento de Medicina y Especialidades Médicas

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Publicado

2021-11-23

Número

Vol. 35 Núm. 2 (2023)

Sección

Originales