Rasgos de personalidad y psicopatología en adolescentes con adicción a videojuegos

Marta Sánchez-Llorens, María Isabel Marí-Sanmillán, Ana Benito, Francesc Rodríguez-Ruiz, Francisca Castellano-García, Isabel Almodóvar, Gonzalo Haro

Resumen


El trastorno por uso de videojuegos se incluyó recientemente en la 11ª edición de la Clasificación Internacional de Enfermedades. Se realizó un estudio transversal en cinco institutos, con una muestra final de 119 alumnos. El 6,4% (n = 23) de los sujetos tenía trastorno por uso de videojuegos. Los adolescentes con trastorno por uso de videojuegos mostraron bajos niveles de consciencia (F = 7,82; p = ,001) y amabilidad (F = 3,31; p = ,041); y puntuaron más alto en inadaptación escolar (SMC; F = 9,230; p < ,001) que los sanos. Obtuvimos dos funciones discriminantes que clasificaban correctamente al 60,5% (Z1 = 0,406 × Sexo + 0,560 × Conciencia - 0,677 × SMC; Z2 = 0,915 × Sexo + 0,191 × Conciencia + 0,326 × SMC). Los sujetos con adicción se diferenciaban de los sanos en presentar inadaptación escolar y baja conciencia, mientras que ambos grupos con adicción se diferenciaban en que los alumnos con adicción a videojuegos eran en mayor proporción varones. La probabilidad de trastorno por uso de videojuegos aumentaba si el sujeto era varón (OR [CI 95%] = 4,82 (1,17-19,81); p = ,029) con inadaptación escolar (OR [IC 95%] = 1,08 (1-1,17); p = ,047); mientras que el trastorno por uso de sustancias aumentaba si el sujeto presentaba neuroticismo (OR [IC 95%] =1,07 [1-1,14]; p < ,040), desajuste clínico (OR [IC 95%] = 1,10 [1,01-1,20]; p = ,020), inadaptación escolar (OR [IC 95%] = 1,06 [1-1,13]; p = ,048), bajo ajuste personal (OR [IC 95%] = 0,94 [0,88-0,99]; p = ,047) y síntomas emocionales (OR [IC 95%] = 0,86 [0,78-0,96]; p = ,006).

 

Palabras clave


trastorno por uso de videojuegos predominantemente en línea; trastorno por uso de videojuegos; trastorno por uso de sustancias; personalidad; consciencia

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.20882/adicciones.1629

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