La asociación entre la exposición a la violencia, alcohol y drogas en el perfil psicosocial de adolescentes México-Americanos de bajos recursos The association between exposure to violence, alcohol, and drugs and psychosocial and behavioral outcomes among Mexican-American adolescents of low socioeconomic status

Autores/as

  • Jesus Peinado Department of Pediatrics –TTUHSC – El Paso, Texas, USA
  • Maria Theresa Villanos Department of Pediatrics –TTUHSC – El Paso, Texas, USA
  • Namrata Singh Department of Pediatrics –TTUHSC – El Paso, Texas, USA
  • Marie Leiner Department of Pediatrics –TTUHSC – El Paso, Texas, USA

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.20882/adicciones.125

Palabras clave:

adolescentes, exposición a la violencia, exposición a las drogas, exposición al alcohol. adolescents, exposure to violence, exposure to drugs, exposure to alcohol.

Resumen

El objetivo de este estudio es estudiar la asociación que la exposición a la violencia, las drogas y el alcohol tienen en la configuración del perfil psicosocial de los adolescentes mexicano-americanos de bajo nivel socioeconómico. Se trata de un estudio transversal, conducido con una muestra de 881 adolescentes de origen mexicano que describieron su exposición a la violencia, las drogas y el alcohol; mientras que sus padres respondieron a un cuestionario para determinar problemas sociales, emocionales y de conducta de sus hijos. La información sobre los participantes se extrajo de bases de datos electrónicas de seis clínicas pediátricas en El Paso, Texas, en la frontera de Estados Unidos con México. Un total de 463 adolescentes (52,6%) informó no haber estado expuesto a ninguno de los riesgos. Los 418 adolescentes restantes (47,4%) indicaron una sola categoría de exposición: violencia (25,1%), alcohol (24,9%) y drogas (8,6%). Además, algunos adolescentes informaron sobre exposiciones combinadas: violencia y alcohol (13,4%), alcohol y drogas (14,6%) o, violencia, alcohol y drogas (13,4%). La asociación entre la exposición combinada a la violencia, las drogas y/o el alcohol y los perfiles psicosociales y de conducta de estos adolescentes muestra un aumento del riesgo de problemas emocionales y de conducta. Existe poca información sobre la salud mental de estos adolescentes viviendo en la pobreza en barrios de frontera entre EEUU y México que están expuestos a los riesgos del alcohol, la violencia y las drogas. Éstos resultados muestran la importancia de la asociación entre la exposición a estos riesgos y la necesidad de intervenciones efectivas dirigidas a estos subgrupos de jóvenes mexicano-americanos y sus familias. 
The objective of this study was to investigate the association exposure to violence, drugs and alcohol has in shaping the psychosocial and behavioral profiles of Mexican American adolescents of low socioeconomic status. A cross-sectional study was conducted in which 881 Mexican-American adolescents described their exposure to violence, drugs, and alcohol, while their parents responded to a questionnaire about their children’s behavioral, emotional, and social problems. Participant information was extracted from electronic record databases maintained in six university-based clinics in El Paso, Texas on the U.S. side of the border with Mexico. A total of 463 (52.6%) adolescents reported they had not been exposed to violence, alcohol, or drugs. The remaining 418 (47.4%) adolescents indicated only a single category of exposure: violence (25.1%), alcohol (24.9%), or drugs (8.6%). In addition, some adolescents reported combined exposure to violence and alcohol (13.4%), alcohol and drugs (14.6%), or violence, alcohol, and drugs (13.4%). The association between combined exposure to violence, drugs, and/or alcohol and the psychosocial and behavioral profiles of these Mexican-American adolescents showed an increased risk of emotional and behavioral problems. Little is known about the mental health of Mexican Americans who are exposed to alcohol, violence, and drugs, especially adolescents living in poverty in neighborhoods along the U.S.–Mexico border, who are at a high risk for these exposures. These findings highlight the risks associated with adolescent exposure to violence, drugs, and alcohol and the need for effective interventions within this subgroup of Mexican-American youth and their families.

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Publicado

2014-03-01

Número

Vol. 26 Núm. 1 (2014)

Sección

Originales