LSD y alucinógenos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20882/adicciones.460Palabras clave:
LSD, alucinógenos, flashbacks, trastorno persistente de la percepción por alucinógenosResumen
Objetivo: realizar una revisión del LSD y otros alucinógenos desde un punto de vista histórico-cultural, farmacológico y de consecuencias clínicas, especialmente psiquiátricas. Resultados: datos aportados por el PNSD ponen de manifiesto que más del 2% de la población española reconoce haber consumido esta sustancia, que ejerce su acción a través de los sistemas de neurotransmisión serotonérgica, dopaminérgica y glutamatérgica. El LSD y sus análogos han sido utilizados como psicotomiméticos experimentales, aunque existen diversos inconvenientes (rápida tolerancia para efectos subjetivos y alucinaciones de tipo visual) que restan credibilidad al modelo alucinógenopsicodélico del síndrome esquizofrénico. Los efectos adversos de tipo psíquico que más frecuentemente aparecen tras uso-abuso de LSD son: trastornos de ansiedad, del estado de ánimo, perceptivos (trastorno perceptivo persistente por alucinógenos, flashbacks) y psicóticos. El tratamiento de dichos efectos adversos es de tipo sintomático, siendo los fármacos ansiolíticos y antipsicóticos los más utilizados. Por último, se discute el potencial uso terapéutico de la sustancia tanto en terapias psicodélicas como en el alcoholismo, en ambos casos con escasas repercusiones. Conclusiones: el LSD y los otros alucinógenos son sustancias utilizadas con fines recreativos pero que no están exentas de potencial de daño psíquico que puede ser prevenido y adecuadamente tratado.Citas
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