Envíe este artículo por correo electrónico Del uso no problemático a la adicción al móvil: Perfiles de impulsividad
Resumen
El uso problemático del móvil (PSU, por sus siglas en inglés) es un comportamiento incontrolable que dificulta la capacidad para detenerlo, pese a las potenciales consecuencias negativas. Este comportamiento excesivo ha sido considerado en el campo de la investigación como una adicción conductual, ya que la literatura ha demostrado características comunes con otras adicciones conductuales además de que está mediado por la impulsividad. Sin embargo, la impulsividad es un constructo multidimensional cuyas dimensiones específicas se relacionan de modo diferencial con los distintos tipos de adicción. Por consiguiente, el presente estudio pretende explorar los perfiles de uso del móvil dependiendo de las dimensiones de impulsividad. Para ello, se registró el uso diario del móvil, el nivel de adicción al móvil (SAS-SV) y el patrón de impulsividad a través de los cinco rasgos de personalidad impulsiva (UPPS-P) de 412 adultos (con una media de edad de 31,91 años, DT = 11,70, incluyendo 108 hombres y 304 mujeres). El análisis de clúster mostró la existencia de tres tipos de perfiles: uno sin PSU; uno con impulsividad excesiva, pero sin uso adictivo del móvil, presentando solo sintomatología de pérdida de control; y otro con impulsividad excesiva y patrones adictivos al móvil, caracterizados principalmente por los rasgos impulsivos de urgencia negativa, urgencia positiva y falta de premeditación. Por tanto, este estudio muestra las dimensiones de personalidad impulsiva que diferencian un uso excesivo del adictivo al móvil. Esta información es útil para el desarrollo de programas de prevención e intervención mejor adaptados a estos perfiles de comportamiento.
Palabras clave
Referencias
Albein-Urios, N., Martinez-González, J. M., Lozano, O., Clark, L. & Verdejo-García, A. (2012). Comparison of impulsivity and working memory in cocaine addiction and pathological gambling: Implications for cocaine-induced neurotoxicity. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 126, 1–6. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2012.03.008.
Alhassan, A. A., Alqadhib, E. M., Taha, N. W., Alahmari, R. A., Salam, M. & Almutairi, A. F. (2018). The relationship between addiction to smartphone usage and depression among adults: A cross sectional study. BMC Psychiatry, 18, 1–8. doi:10.1186/s12888-018-1745-4.
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: Author.
Amez, S. & Baert, S. (2020). Smartphone use and academic performance: A literature review. International Journal of Educational Research, 103, 101618. doi:10.1016/j.ijer.2020.101618.
Anshari, M., Alas, Y. & Sulaiman, E. (2019). Smartphone addictions and nomophobia among youth. Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies. An International Interdisciplinary Journal for Research, Policy and Care, 14, 242–247. doi:10.1080/17450128.2019.1614709.
Beison, A. & Rademacher, D. J. (2016). Relationship between family history of alcohol addiction, parents’ education level, and smartphone problem use scale scores. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 6, 84–91. doi:10.1556/2006.6.2017.016.
Billieux, J., Gay, P., Rochat, L. & Van der Linden, M. (2010). The role of urgency and its underlying psychological mechanisms in problematic behaviours. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 48, 1085–1096. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2010.07.008.
Billieux, J., Heeren, A., Rochat, L., Maurage, P., Bayard, S., Bet, R.,… Baggio, S. (2021). Positive and negative urgency as a single coherent construct: Evidence from a large-scale network analysis in clinical and non-clinical samples. Journal of Personality, 89, 1252–1262. doi:10.1111/jopy.12655.
Billieux, J., Maurage, P., Lopez-Fernandez, O., Kuss, D. J. & Griffiths, M. D. (2015). Can disordered mobile phone use be considered a behavioral addiction? An update on current evidence and a comprehensive model for future research. Current Addiction Reports, 2, 156–162. doi:10.1007/s40429-015-0054-y.
Busch, P. A. & McCarthy, S. (2021). Antecedents and consequences of problematic smartphone use: A systematic literature review of an emerging research area. Computers in Human Behavior, 114, 106414. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2020.106414.
Canale, N., Moretta, T., Pancani, L., Buodo, G., Vieno, A., Dalmaso, M. & Billieux, J. (2021). A test of the pathway model of problematic smartphone use. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 10, 181–193. doi:10.1556/2006.2020.00103.
Canale, N., Vieno, A., Doro, M., Rosa Mineo, E., Marino, C. & Billieux, J. (2019). Emotion-related impulsivity moderates the cognitive interference effect of smartphone availability on working memory. Scientific Reports, 9, 18519. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-54911-7.
Cándido, A., Orduña, E., Perales, J. C., Verdejo-García, A. & Billieux, J. (2012). Validation of a short Spanish version of the UPPS-P impulsive behaviour scale. Trastornos Adictivos, 14, 73–78. doi:10.1016/S1575-0973(12)70048-X.
Charrad, M., Ghazzali, N., Boiteau, V. & Niknafs, A. (2014). Nbclust: An R package for determining the relevant number of clusters in a data set. Journal of Statistical Software, 61, 1–36. doi:10.18637/jss.v061.i06.
Cheever, N. A., Rosen, L. D., Carrier, L. M. & Chavez, A. (2014). Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior, 37, 290–297. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2014.05.002.
Claes, L. & Müller, A. (2017). Resisting temptation: Is compulsive buying an expression of personality deficits? Current Addiction Reports, 4, 237–245. doi:10.1007/s40429-017-0152-0.
Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd Ed.). London: Routledge. doi:10.4324/9780203771587.
Cohen, J. (1992). A power primer. Psychological Bulletin, 112, 155–159. doi:10.1037//0033-2909.112.1.155.
Contractor, A. A., Weiss, N. H., Tull, M. T. & Elhai, J. D. (2017). PTSD’s relation with problematic smartphone use: Mediating role of impulsivity. Computers in Human Behavior, 75, 177–183. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2017.05.018.
Cudo, A., Torój, M., Demczuk, M. & Francuz, P. (2020). Dysfunction of self-control in facebook addiction: Impulsivity is the key. Psychiatric Quarterly, 91, 91–101. doi:10.1007/s11126-019-09683-8/.
Cyders, M. A., Coskunpinar, A. & VanderVeen, J. D. (2016). Urgency: A common transdiagnostic endophenotype for maladaptive risk taking. The Dark Side of Personality: Science and Practice in Social, Personality, and Clinical Psychology., 157–188. doi:10.1037/14854-009.
Dalley, J. W. & Robbins, T. W. (2017). Fractionating impulsivity: Neuropsychiatric implications. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 18, 158–171. doi:10.1038/nrn.2017.8.
Demirci, K., Akgönül, M. & Akpinar, A. (2015). Relationship of smartphone use severity with sleep quality, depression, and anxiety in university students. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 4, 85–92. doi:10.1556/2006.4.2015.010.
Dhamayanti, M., Dwiwina, R. G. & Adawiyah, R. (2019). Influence of adolescents’ smartphone addiction on mental and emotional development in West Java, Indonesia. Bandung Medical Journal, 51, 46–52. doi:10.15395/mkb.v51n1.1577.
Duke, É. & Montag, C. (2017). Smartphone addiction, daily interruptions and self-reported productivity. Addictive Behaviors Reports, 6, 90–95. doi:10.1016/j.abrep.2017.07.002.
Eide, T. A., Aarestad, S. H., Andreassen, C. S., Bilder, R. M. & Pallesen, S. (2018). Smartphone restriction and its effect on subjective withdrawal related scores. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 1444. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01444.
Elhai, J. D., McKay, D., Yang, H., Minaya, C., Montag, C. & Asmundson, G. J. G. (2021). Health anxiety related to problematic smartphone use and gaming disorder severity during COVID-19: Fear of missing out as a mediator. Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies, 3, 137–146. doi:10.1002/hbe2.227.
Elhai, J. D., Yang, H., McKay, D. & Asmundson, G. J. G. (2020). COVID-19 anxiety symptoms associated with problematic smartphone use severity in Chinese adults. Journal of Affective Disorders, 274, 576–582. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.05.080.
Elhai, J. D., Yang, H., Rozgonjuk, D. & Montag, C. (2020). Using machine learning to model problematic smartphone use severity: The significant role of fear of missing out. Addictive Behaviors, 103, 106261. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.106261.
Fischer, S., Wonderlich, J., Breithaupt, L., Byrne, C. & Engel, S. (2018). Negative urgency and expectancies increase vulnerability to binge eating in bulimia nervosa. Eating Disorders, 26, 39–51. doi:10.1080/10640266.2018.1418253.
Geng, Y., Gu, J., Wang, J. & Zhang, R. (2021). Smartphone addiction and depression, anxiety: The role of bedtime procrastination and self-control. Journal of Affective Disorders, 293, 415–421. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2021.06.062.
Grant, J. E., Lust, K. & Chamberlain, S. R. (2019). Problematic smartphone use associated with greater alcohol consumption, mental health issues, poorer academic performance, and impulsivity. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 8, 335–342. doi:10.1556/2006.8.2019.32.
Hartigan, J. A. & Wong, M. A. (1979). Algorithm AS 136: A k-means clustering algorithm. Applied Statistics, 28, 100–108. doi:10.2307/2346830.
Hayashi, Y., Rivera, E. A., Modico, J. G., Foreman, A. M. & Wirth, O. (2017). Texting while driving, executive function, and impulsivity in college students. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 102, 72–80. doi:10.1016/j.aap.2017.02.016.
Igaki, T., Romanowich, P. & Yamagishi, N. (2019). Using smartphones while walking is associated with delay but not social discounting. The Psychological Record, 69, 513–524. doi:10.1007/s40732-019-00348-3.
Jo, H. S., Euihyeon, N. & Kim, D. J. (2017). The relationship between smartphone addiction predisposition and impulsivity among Korean smartphone users. Addiction Research & Theory, 26, 77–84. doi:10.1080/16066359.2017.1312356.
Kim, Y., Jeong, J. E., Cho, H., Jung, D. J., Kwak, M., Rho, M. J.,… Choi, I. Y. (2016). Personality factors predicting smartphone addiction predisposition: Behavioral inhibition and activation systems, impulsivity, and self-control. PloS one, 11, e0159788. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0159788.
Kliesener, T., Meigen, C., Kiess, W. & Poulain, T. (2022). Associations between problematic smartphone use and behavioural difficulties, quality of life, and school performance among children and adolescents. BMC Psychiatry, 22, 195. doi:10.1186/s12888-022-03815-4.
Konok, V., Pogány, Á. & Miklósi, Á. (2017). Mobile attachment: Separation from the mobile phone induces physiological and behavioural stress and attentional bias to separation-related stimuli. Computers in Human Behavior, 71, 228–239. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2017.02.002.
Kotbagi, G., Morvan, Y., Romo, L. & Kern, L. (2017). Which dimensions of impulsivity are related to problematic practice of physical exercise? Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 6, 221–228. doi:10.1556/2006.6.2017.024.
Kuru, T. & Çelenk, S. (2021). The relationship among anxiety, depression, and problematic smartphone use in university students: The mediating effect of psychological inflexibility. Alpha Psychiatry, 22. doi:10.5455/apd.136695.
Kwon, M., Kim, D. J., Cho, H. & Yang, S. (2013a). The smartphone addiction scale: Development and validation of a short version for adolescents. Plos One 8, e83558. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0083558.
Kwon, M., Lee, J. Y., Won, W. Y., Park, J. W., Min, J. A., Hahn, C.,… Kim, D. J. (2013b). Development and validation of a Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS). Plos One, 8, e56936. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0056936.
Lee, A. K. & Lee, H. (2019). Negative urgency mediates the relation between negative emotion and smartphone addiction. Korean Journal of Stress Research, 27, 396–403. doi:10.17547/kjsr.2019.27.4.396.
Lee, A. R., Son, S. M. & Kim, K. K. (2016). Information and communication technology overload and social networking service fatigue: A stress perspective. Computers in Human Behavior, 55, 51–61. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2015.08.011.
Li, J., Zhan, D., Zhou, Y. & Gao, X. (2021). Loneliness and problematic mobile phone use among adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic: The roles of escape motivation and self-control. Addictive Behaviors, 118, 106857. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.106857.
López-Fernández, O. (2017). Short version of the Smartphone Addiction Scale adapted to Spanish and French: Towards a cross-cultural research in problematic mobile phone use. Addictive Behaviors, 64, 275–280. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.11.013.
López-Torres, I., León-Quismondo, L. & Ibáñez, A. (2021). Impulsivity, lack of premeditation, and debts in online gambling disorder. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 11, 618148. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.618148.
Minhas, M., Murphy, C. M., Balodis, I. M., Acuff, S. F., Buscemi, J., Murphy, J. G. & MacKillop, J. (2021). Multidimensional elements of impulsivity as shared and unique risk factors for food addiction and alcohol misuse. Appetite, 159, 105052. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2020.105052.
Mitchell, M. R. & Potenza, M. N. (2014). Addictions and personality traits: Impulsivity and related constructs. Current Behavioral Neuroscience Reports, 1, 1–12. doi:10.1007/s40473-013-0001-y.
Moreno, M., Estevez, A. F., Zaldívar, F., Montes, J. M. G., Gutiérrez-Ferre, V. E., Esteban, L.,… Flores, P. (2012). Impulsivity differences in recreational cannabis users and binge drinkers in a university population. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 124, 355–362. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2012.02.011.
Murphy, C. M., Stojek, M. K. & MacKillop, J. (2014). Interrelationships among impulsive personality traits, food addiction, and Body Mass Index. Appetite, 73, 45–50. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2013.10.008.
Niedermoser, D. W., Petitjean, S., Schweinfurth, N., Wirz, L., Ankli, V., Schilling, H.,… Walter, M. (2021). Shopping addiction: A brief review. Practice Innovations, 6, 199–207. doi:10.1037/pri0000152.
Olson, J. A., Sandra, D. A., Chmoulevitch, D., Raz, A. & Veissière, S. P. L. (2022a). A nudge-based intervention to reduce problematic smartphone use: Randomised controlled trial. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 1–23. doi:10.1007/s11469-022-00826-w.
Olson, J. A., Sandra, D. A., Colucci, É. S., Al Bikaii, A., Chmoulevitch, D., Nahas, J., ... Veissière, S. P. (2022b). Smartphone addiction is increasing across the world: A meta-analysis of 24 countries. Computers in Human Behavior, 129, 107138. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2021.107138.
Panova, T. & Carbonell, X. (2018). Is smartphone addiction really an addiction? Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 7, 252–259. doi:10.1556/2006.7.2018.49.
Pastor, Y., García-Jiménez, A. & López-de-Ayala, M. C. (2022). Regulatory strategies for smartphone use and problematic Internet use in adolescence. Anales de Psicología, 38, 269–277. doi:10.6018/analesps.461771.
Ratan, Z. A., Zaman, S. B., Islam, S. M. S. & Hosseinzadeh, H. (2021). Smartphone overuse: A hidden crisis in COVID-19. Health Policy and Technology, 10, 21–22. doi:10.1016/j.hlpt.2021.01.002.
Rozgonjuk, D., Kattago, M. & Täht, K. (2018). Social media use in lectures mediates the relationship between procrastination and problematic smartphone use. Computers in Human Behavior, 89, 191–198. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2018.08.003.
Samaha, M. & Hawi, N. S. (2016). Relationships among smartphone addiction, stress, academic performance, and satisfaction with life. Computers in Human Behavior, 57, 321–325. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2015.12.045.
Savvidou, L. G., Fagundo, A. B., Fernández-Aranda, F., Granero, R., Claes, L., Mallorquí-Baqué, N.,… Jiménez-Murcia, S. (2017). Is gambling disorder associated with impulsivity traits measured by the UPPS-P and is this association moderated by sex and age? Comprehensive Psychiatry, 72, 106–113. doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2016.10.005.
Sohn, S., Rees, P., Wildridge, B., Kalk, N. J. & Carter, B. (2019). Prevalence of problematic smartphone usage and associated mental health outcomes amongst children and young people: A systematic review, meta-analysis and GRADE of the evidence. BMC Psychiatry, 19, 1–10. doi:10.1186/s12888-019-2350-x.
Um, M., Whitt, Z. T., Revilla, R., Hunton, T. & Cyders, M. A. (2019). Shared neural correlates underlying addictive disorders and negative urgency. Brain Sciences, 9, 36. doi:10.3390/brainsci9020036.
van Endert, T. S. & Mohr, P. N. C. (2020). Likes and impulsivity: Investigating the relationship between actual smartphone use and delay discounting. Plos One, 15, e0241383. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0241383.
VanderBroek-Stice, L., Stojek, M. K., Beach, S. R. H., vanDellen, M. R. & MacKillop, J. (2017). Multidimensional assessment of impulsivity in relation to obesity and food addiction. Appetite, 12, 59–68. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2017.01.009.
Wacks, Y. & Weinstein, A. M. (2021). Excessive smartphone use is associated with health problems in adolescents and young adults. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12, 762. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.669042.
Wang, J., Wang, P., Yang, X., Zhang, G., Wang, X. C., Zhao, F.,… Lei, L. (2019). Fear of missing out and procrastination as mediators between sensation seeking and adolescent smartphone addiction. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 17, 1049–1062. doi:10.1007/s11469-019-00106-0.
Whiteside, S. P. & Lynam, D. R. (2001). The five factor model and impulsivity: Using a structural model of personality to understand impulsivity. Personality and Individual Differences, 30, 669–689. doi:10.1016/s0191-8869(00)00064-7.
Wilcockson, T. D. W., Osborne, A. M. & Ellis, D. A. (2019). Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive Behaviors, 99, 106013. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.06.002.
World Health Organization. (2019). ICD-11: International classification of diseases (11th revision). Retrieved at https://icd.who.int/.
World Medical Association. (2013). World Medical Association declaration of Helsinki: Ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects. The Journal of American Medical Association, 310, 2191–2194. doi:10.1001/jama.2013.281053.
Yang, Q. & Gong, X. (2021). The engagement–addiction dilemma: An empirical evaluation of mobile user interface and mobile game affordance. Internet Research, 31, 1745–1768. doi:10.1108/INTR-11-2020-0622.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.20882/adicciones.1847
Enlaces refback
- No hay ningún enlace refback.
