Fenofibrato -un agonista de PPARα- incrementa los niveles de la alcohol deshidrogenasa hepática: implicaciones para su posible uso como una droga de aversión al etanol

Daniel Muñoz, Mario Rivera-Meza, Osvaldo Flores-Bastías, María Elena Quintanilla, Eduardo Karahanian

Resumen


Tras consumir etanol, el disulfiram incrementa los niveles de acetaldehído en sangre y genera una reacción aversiva que desalienta el consumo de alcohol. Dados los importantes efectos secundarios del disulfiram, es altamente deseable hallar otros fármacos efectivos para tratar el trastorno por uso de alcohol. Se ha reportado que administrar fenofibrato a ratas altamente bebedoras de alcohol aumenta los niveles de catalasa hepática y acetaldehído en sangre después de la administración de etanol, y disminuye el consumo voluntario de alcohol (60-70%). Este trabajo evalúa si el fenofibrato tiene un efecto adicional sobre la actividad de otras enzimas en el metabolismo del etanol que podría contribuir a generar altos niveles de acetaldehído. Se permitió a ratas macho altamente bebedoras beber voluntariamente etanol 10% durante 2 meses. Después, se les administró oralmente fenofibrato (100 mg/kg/día) o solo vehículo durante 14 días. Tras eso, se midieron los niveles hepáticos y actividades enzimáticas de alcohol deshidrogenasa (ADH1) y de aldehído deshidrogenasa (ALDH2). El fenofibrato produjo un marcado aumento en los niveles proteicos de ADH1 (396% ± 18%, p < ,001) y de actividad enzimática (425% ± 25%, p < ,001) sin alterar los niveles protéicos ni la actividad de ALDH2. Los resultados muestran que el tratamiento con fenofibrato no solo aumenta la actividad de catalasa en el hígado de ratas bebedoras de alcohol, sino que también incrementa los niveles y la actividad de ADH1, sin alterar ALDH2. Esto contribuye a explicar el notable efecto del fenofibrato en aumentar los niveles de acetaldehído en sangre en animales bebedores de alcohol, en los que se registra una marcada reducción en la ingesta de etanol.

 

Palabras clave


Fibrato; Receptor activado por proliferadores de peroxisomas; PPAR; Alcohol deshidrogenasa; Tratamiento trastorno por uso de alcohol.

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Referencias


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.20882/adicciones.1226

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