Envíe este artículo por correo electrónico Constituyentes psicoactivos del cannabis y sus implicaciones clínicas: una revisión sistemática
Resumen
Metodología Siguiendo las guías PRISMA, se revisaron artículos científicos publicados antes de marzo 2016 en Medline, Scopus-Elsevier, Scopus, ISI-Web of Knowledge y COCHRANE, que cumplieran unos criterios establecidos a-priori.
Resultados En 40 artículos científicos, se identificaron tres cannabinoides naturalmente presentes (∆-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol, ∆-8-Tetrahydrocannabinol y cannabinol) y un metabolito humano (11-OH-THC) con relevancia clínica. De éstos, el metabolito produce los efectos psicoactivos más potentes. El cannabidiol (CBD) no es psicoactivo, pero sí ejerce un efecto modulador sobre los efectos psicoactivos del cannabis. La concentración 9-THC en derivados cannábicos (hasta 40%) supera en gran medida la de otros cannabinoides (hasta 9%). La farmacodinamia descrita varía, dada la heterogeneidad en aspectos clave de la metodología (dosis, rutas de administración y experiencia previa con cannabis de los participantes).
Conclusiones Los resultados evidencian que el 9-THC es el cannabinoide que más contribuye al efecto psicoactivo del cannabis. Otros cannabinoides psicoactivos contribuirían mínimamente, dada su menor potencia psicoactiva y su baja concentración en los derivados cannábicos. La falta de estándares metodológicos dificulta el avance en los conocimientos sobre los efectos del cannabis en la salud. Establecer una unidad estándar de cannabis basada en 9-THC ayudaría a superar estas limitaciones.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.20882/adicciones.858
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