Todo empieza con «E»: Exclusión, etnicidad y formación de élites en el mundo actual de las discotecas inglesas

Fiona Measham, Phil Hadfield

Resumen


Los primeros estudios sobre las discotecas se centraban en la identificación de la cultura de discoteca con el espíritu PAUR de «paz, amor, unidad y respeto» y en una definición polarizada de los contextos nocturnos: por un lado discotecas comerciales e interesadas en fomentar el consumo de alcohol, que ofrecían música pop «del montón», y por otro discotecas underground «auténticas»/«alternativas» vinculadas al consumo generalizado de drogas ilegales. Este artículo se suma al creciente número de trabajos de investigación que cuestionan estas simplistas caracterizaciones de la cultura de las discotecas y de los lugares de diversión vinculados al ocio nocturno y subrayan los elementos de fragmentación y segregación junto a la importancia permanente de la estructura social y la exclusión social y espacial resultante. Los autores estudian cómo los procesos informales —aperturas de discotecas, promociones en Internet y códigos de vestuario— dan lugar a la producción y reproducción de dos élites inglesas opuestas en torno al mundo de las discotecas: las «élites culturales» derivadas de la exclusión social, cultural y espacial de la música dance electrónica de origen negro y su minoría étnica, con seguidores de clase obrera y rentas bajas en las discotecas dance del centro de la ciudad de Manchester; y las «élites consumidoras» derivadas de la exclusión cultural y económica de los clientes obreros y de rentas bajas de las discotecas del West End londinense. Las complejas y entrecruzadas prácticas de distinción cultural y discriminación estructural que producen dichas élites se relacionan estrechamente con la reglamentación formal e informal, la marginación y la criminalización de determinadas manifestaciones culturales. Este artículo aboga por la elaboración de consideraciones conceptuales más matizadas de las divisiones y desigualdades sociales en la vida nocturna y en los estudios sobre las oportunidades de ocio de los jóvenes desde una perspectiva más general.


Palabras clave


Economía del ocio nocturno; etnicidad; clase social; seguridad

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.20882/adicciones.225

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