Influencia del entorno en el consumo de alcohol en jóvenes: Un estudio utilizando concept mapping con estudiantes universitarios

Ester Teixidó-Compañó, Xisca Sureda, Marina Bosque-Prous, Joan R. Villalbí, Susanna Puigcorbé, Ester Colillas-Malet, Manuel Franco, Albert Espelt

Resumen


El objetivo del estudio fue identificar los factores del entorno que influyen en el consumo de alcohol según la perspectiva de estudiantes universitarios, y evaluar la importancia y la frecuencia atribuida a cada factor. Se utilizó la metodología del Concept Mapping con una muestra de estudiantes de enfermería, que participaron en dos sesiones de recogida de datos. En la sesión 1, se obtuvo un consenso sobre los aspectos del entorno que influyen en su consumo de alcohol. En la sesión 2, los ítems obtenidos se clasificaron en función de la importancia y la frecuencia de estos factores en el consumo de alcohol (1 = mínimo; 5 = máximo). Todos los datos se analizaron con el RCMAP del paquete estadístico R 3.6.1.

Alrededor de 60 estudiantes participaron en cada sesión. La mayoría eran mujeres de 20 a 24 años. En la sesión 1, se obtuvieron un total de 55 ítems que fueron clasificados en 7 grupos: Publicidad (9 ítems); Ambiente familiar (4 ítems); Presión social (12 ítems); Responsabilidades/normas (4 ítems); Vacaciones y tiempo libre (7 ítems); Situaciones emocionales (8 ítems); Accesibilidad (11 ítems). Los factores relacionados con la presión social, las vacaciones y el tiempo libre y la accesibilidad del alcohol, fueron considerados los más importantes y frecuentes en el consumo de alcohol. Contrariamente, la publicidad del alcohol fue considerada el factor menos importante (media 2,6 sobre 5) y frecuente (media 2,1 sobre 5). En conclusión, los factores considerados más relevantes entre los estudiantes coinciden con los que se destinan más recursos para la prevención y la promoción de la salud, a excepción de la publicidad del alcohol, que se percibió como menos importante y frecuente comparado con los otros factores.


Palabras clave


Concept Mapping; consumo de bebidas alcohólicas; adultos jóvenes; estudiantes universitarios

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Referencias


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.20882/adicciones.1705

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