Estrategia individual y poblacional en las intervenciones frente a la epidemia del tabaquismo

Jose M. Martínez-Sánchez, Marcela Fu, Ricard Tresserras, Esteve Saltó, Esteve Fernández

Resumen


La estrategia poblacional de las intervenciones frente a los factores de riesgo se dio a conocer por los trabajos de Geoffrey Rose en el campo de la salud pública y la medicina preventiva de las enfermedades cardiovasculares a finales del siglo XX. En la actualidad, uno de los factores de riesgo con mayor impacto sobre la salud es el tabaquismo. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir y aplicar las estrategias de la medicina preventiva propuesta por Geoffrey Rose en el control de la epidemia del tabaquismo. Para ilustrarlo hemos utilizado los datos de concentración de cotinina en saliva de una muestra representativa de la población adulta de la ciudad de Barcelona. En conclusión, las políticas públicas de control de tabaquismo en todo el mundo deberían tener en consideración la utilidad de la estrategia poblacional para el abordaje de este importante problema de salud, sin menospreciar intervenciones seleccionadas dirigidas a colectivos de “alto riesgo” que sean de probada eficacia.


Palabras clave


control del tabaquismo; estrategia poblacional; estrategia de alto riesgo; cotinina

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.20882/adicciones.132

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