Factores individuales y contextuales relacionados con el binge drinking en adolescentes españoles: un enfoque multinivel

Ester Teixidó-Compañó, Luis Sordo, Marina Bosque-Prous, Susanna Puigcorbé, Gregorio Barrio, M. Teresa Brugal, María José J. Belza, Albert Espelt

Resumen


El objetivo de este estudio era estimar la prevalencia de binge drinking por provincias en España y estimar el efecto de variables individuales y contextuales relacionadas con dicho consumo en adolescentes españoles. Se realizó un estudio transversal con datos de la Encuesta sobre uso de drogas en Enseñanzas Secundarias en España (ESTUDES 2014) a estudiantes de 14 a 18 años (N = 34.259). La variable dependiente fue binge drinking en adolescentes durante los últimos 30 días. Las variables independientes individuales fueron variables socioeconómicas y variables relacionadas con el acceso y la disponibilidad de alcohol. Las variables contextuales fueron el consumo de alcohol en adultos, políticas públicas relacionadas con el alcohol y factores socioeconómicos. Se ajustaron modelos de regresión de Poisson multinivel con variancia robusta, obteniendo razones de prevalencia (RP) y sus intervalos de confianza al 95%.

Los resultados muestran que la prevalencia de binge drinking en estudiantes españoles en función de la provincia era similar para ambos sexos (r = 0,72). A nivel individual, el binge drinking se asociaba principalmente a una percepción de acceso fácil al alcohol (RP: 1,38; IC 95%: 1,23-1,55), a su consumo en zonas abiertas [(RP: 3,82; IC 95%: 3,44-4,24) < una vez al mes y (RP: 6,57; IC 95%: 5,85-7,37) ≥ una vez al mes], a tener uno de los dos padres que permite beber (RP: 1,42; IC 95%: 1,37-1,47), y a disponer de más de 30 euros semanales (RP: 1,51; IC 95%: 1,37-1,67). Las variables contextuales no se asociaban al binge drinking cuando se consideraban las variables individuales. En conclusión, el binge drinking se asociaba con variables individuales relacionadas con una alta accesibilidad y disponibilidad de alcohol independientemente de las variables contextuales. Estas variables explicaban la variabilidad de el binge drinking entre las provincias.


Palabras clave


Alcohol; Consumo intensivo; Adolescentes; Accesibilidad al alcohol

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.20882/adicciones.975

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