El alcoholismo y su abordaje desde una perspectiva ciudadana

Antoni Gual, José Ángel Arbesú, José Zarco, Hugo López Pelayo, Laia Miquel, Julio Bobes

Resumen


Introducción: El objetivo del estudio es describir el consumo de alcohol de la población general española, conocer la opinión que tienen los ciudadanos de su consumo, del alcoholismo y de su abordaje terapéutico.

Métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal mediante encuesta telefónica  que se realizó en mayo de 2015. Se seleccionó una muestra representativa de la población adulta española a quien se le preguntó acerca de su patrón de consumo de alcohol, percepción de riesgo, opinión acerca del alcoholismo,  y consecuencias del consumo, y abordaje terapéutico. Se diseñó un cuestionario ad hoc utilizando el AUDIT-C para determinar el patrón de consumo. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo e inferencial según las características socio-demográficas.

Resultados:  El 22,1% presentan un consumo de riesgo, siendo mayor en los hombres y los jóvenes. Mayoritariamente el alcoholismo es considerado una enfermedad y más del 75% de los ciudadanos coinciden que el alcohol tiene consecuencias negativas en la salud  a nivel sociolaboral y familiar. La percepción de riesgo que tienen los ciudadanos de su consumo es mayor de lo esperado (37,6%). El 67,7% considera  al médico de familia capacitado para atender los problemas relacionados con el consumo de alcohol, sobre todo entre las mujeres y los ciudadanos de mayor edad.

Conclusiones: El consumo de riesgo es muy prevalente entre los ciudadanos españoles sobre todo entre los  jóvenes (31,8%). Existe una alta autopercepción de riesgo del consumo de alcohol. La mayoría de ciudadanos coinciden que el médico de familia está capacitado para tratar el alcoholismo.


Palabras clave


alcohol; detección; prevención; tratamiento; percepción de riesgo

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Referencias


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.20882/adicciones.742

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