Intervención grupal para reducir la violencia de género entre consumidoras de drogas. Resultados de un estudio piloto en un centro comunitario de tratamiento de adicciones

Judit Tirado-Muñoz, Gail Gilchrist, Eva Lligoña, Louisa Gilbert, Marta Torrens

Resumen


Antecedentes: Las mujeres usuarias de drogas son víctimas de violencia de género en mayor proporción que las mujeres en población general; sin embargo, pocas intervenciones se han desarrollado para reducir la violencia de género entre mujeres usuarias de drogas. Métodos: Una versión adaptada de la intervención “Women’s Wellness Treatment” para reducir violencia de género y  síntomas depresivos, ha sido evaluada mediante un ensayo clínico piloto en un centro de tratamiento ambulatorio en Barcelona, España. Catorce mujeres que recibían tratamiento ambulatorio para un trastorno por consumo de sustancias  y que declararon ser víctimas de violencia en el mes anterior fueron incluidas en el ensayo clínico. Las participantes fueron asignados al azar para recibir 10 sesiones grupales de terapia cognitivo-conductual (IPaViT-CBT) o tratamiento habitual. La frecuencia de violencia, síntomas depresivos, consumo de sustancias, calidad de vida y estado de salud fueron evaluados al inicio del estudio y 1, 3 y 12 meses después de la intervención. Se realizó análisis por intención de tratar. Resultados: Se encontraron efectos moderados de la intervención en la reducción de maltrato psicológico, aumento de la asertividad y la reducción de la agresividad en la relación de pareja, y reducción en la frecuencia de consumo de alcohol hasta 3 meses después de la intervención. La intervención no redujo significativamente la probabilidad de ser víctima de cualquier tipo de violencia de género, los síntomas depresivos, calidad de vida o el estado de salud auto-referido, hasta 12 meses después de la intervención. Conclusiones: Los resultados de este estudio piloto indican que es factible realizar una intervención de 10 sesiones grupales  de TCC entre las víctimas de violencia de género que reciben tratamiento por uso de sustancias en un centro comunitario de tratamiento de adicciones. Se requiere un ensayo clínico más robusto para replicar estos resultados.


Palabras clave


violencia de género; abuso de substancias, mujeres, terapia cognitivo-conductual, intervención grupal, ensayo aleatorizado controlado.

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Referencias


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.20882/adicciones.703

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