Intervenciones breves: una oportunidad para reducir el consumo excesivo de alcohol entre los jóvenes

Nick Heather, E. Kaner

Resumen


Tras una serie de investigaciones, las intervenciones breves contra el consumo excesivo de alcohol en algunos marcos de la asistencia sanitaria han demostrado ser eficaces a la hora de reducir el consumo entre aquellos que abusan del alcohol. La puesta en práctica general y rutinaria de intervenciones breves en dichos marcos resultarían claramente ventajosas para la salud pública. El presente artículo examina datos que prueban la eficacia de las intervenciones breves en una serie de marcos médicos. Reciben especial atención los estudios WHO sobre “Detección y Control de los Problemas relacionados con el Alcohol en la Asistencia Sanitaria Primaria”, incluyendo la actual fase IV de ese proyecto, relacionada con las estrategias de desarrollo para la puesta en práctica de la identificación temprana y de la intervención breve en el consumo excesivo de alcohol dentro de los sistemas de asistencia sanitaria primaria de los países participantes. El artículo se centra también en el potencial de las intervenciones breves para reducir los problemas ligados al alcohol, concretamente entre los jóvenes. Se analiza la pertinencia de ese objetivo en una serie de marcos de la asistencia sanitaria (en el ejercicio de la medicina general, entre los pacientes ingresados en un hospital, en los departamentos de urgencia). Se discuten, asimismo, algunos de los resultados obtenidos al tomar en consideración las intervenciones breves en el campo del alcohol entre los jóvenes. El artículo finaliza con una serie de conclusiones referentes al estudio y a la política de intervenciones breves en general y de intervenciones breves adaptadas a las necesidades de los jóvenes.


Palabras clave


Consumo abusivo de alcohol; Daños relacionados con el alcohol; Intervenciones breves; Marcos médicos; Jóvenes; Borracheras

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.20882/adicciones.557

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