Prevención familiar del consumo de drogas en Europa: una revisión crítica de los programas contenidos en EDDRA

Daniel Lloret Irles, José Pedro Espada Sánchez, Victor Cabrera Perona, Gregor Burkhart

Resumen


En la adolescencia temprana, la familia es uno de los principales agentes de riesgo/protección del inicio del consumo de drogas. Su influencia en la
adquisición de hábitos de salud le convierte en diana preferente de intervenciones preventivas. El objetivo es realizar un análisis comparado de los programas de prevención familiar europeos. Se analizaron 85 programas de prevención familiar contenidos en la base de datos EDDRA (Exchange on Drug Demand Reduction Action), perteneciente al Observatorio Europeo de las Drogas y Toxicomanías. Fueron analizados todos los programas incluidos en la base, que abarca el periodo 1998-2011. El 53% de los programas proceden de sólo 4 países (España, Alemania, Portugal e Irlanda). El 89% son inespecíficos o de promoción de la salud. Proporcionar información sobre drogas es el principal objetivo que persiguen los programas. Algo más de la mitad de los programas (59.7%) informan haber realizado evaluación de resultados. El 70.59% de los programas no plantea entre sus objetivos ninguno de los factores de riesgo propuestos en las principales teorías. A pesar del sólido marco teórico y de la evidencia empírica sobre los factores de riesgo familiares, los programas de prevención presentan una gran dispersión en sus objetivos, técnicas y componentes. El grado de adecuación a las teorías es muy bajo y la evaluación sigue siendo la asignatura pendiente. Se plantean críticas sobre el funcionamiento de la base EDDRA.

Palabras clave


prevención; familia; europa; revisión; EDDRA

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.20882/adicciones.50

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