Abstinencia a los 12 meses de un programa multicomponente para dejar de fumar

Antònia Raich, Jose Maria Martínez-Sánchez, Emili Marquilles, Lídia Rubio, Marcela Fu, Esteve Fernández

Resumen


El tabaquismo es una de las causas de morbimortalidad más importantes en los países desarrollados. Uno de los objetivos prioritarios de los programas de salud pública es la disminución de su prevalencia lo que implica que millones de personas dejen de fumar, sin embargo los programas de cesación a menudo tienen resultados discretos, especialmente con algunos grupos de población. 

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la eficacia de un tratamiento de cesación tabáquica multicomponente realizado en una unidad de tabaquismo hospitalaria. Fue realizado en la Unidad de Tabaquismo del Hospital de Manresa, e incluyó 314 pacientes (91,4% presentaban un nivel de dependencia medio o alto). Se observó que el nivel de estudios, no convivir con fumadores, seguir la terapia multicomponente y utilizar tratamiento farmacológico son factores relevantes en el éxito al dejar de fumar. La tasa de abstinencia no se asocia con otras características como el sexo, la edad, las características del hábito tabáquico o el presentar antecedentes psiquiátricos. La combinación del tratamiento farmacológico y psicológico aumentó las tasas de éxito en la terapia multicomponente. La terapia psicológica única también obtuvo resultados positivos aunque más modestos.


Palabras clave


tratamiento multicomponente; deshabituación tabá­quica; trastornos mentales; pacientes con alta dependencia.

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Referencias


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.20882/adicciones.192

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