¿El consumo de cigarrillos y alcohol se relaciona con el consumo de cánnabis y el juego problema en adolescentes españoles?

Mª del Carmen Míguez Varela, Elisardo Becoña

Resumen


Este estudio examinó la relación entre consumo de tabaco y alcohol, y consumo de cannabis y juego problema en una muestra aleatoria y representativa de 1.447 adolescentes españoles (797 varones y 650 mujeres con una media de edad de 12,8 años). Los participantes respondieron a un cuestionario elaborado a tal efecto que recogía información acerca del consumo de cigarrillos, de alcohol (cerveza, vino y licores) y cannabis. El juego se evaluó con el South Oaks Gambling Screen Revised for Adolescents (SOGS-RA). Los resultados indicaron una asociación positiva y significativa entre el consumo de tabaco y alcohol y las dos variables analizadas. Se halló un mayor porcentaje de fumadores y consumidores de alcohol entre los que habían consumido cánnabis en alguna ocasión así como entre los jugadores problema. Además, el análisis de regresión lineal múltiple mostró que tanto el consumo de cigarrillos como de alcohol (cerveza y vino) se relacionaban positivamente con el inicio en el consumo de cánnabis y con una mayor implicación en el juego. 


Palabras clave


tabaco; alcohol; cannabis; juego; adolescentes.

Texto completo:

PDF (English) PDF

Referencias


Agrawal A., Grant J.D., Waldron M., Duncan, A.E., Scherrer, J.F., Lynskey, … Heath, A.C. (2006). Risk for initiation of substance use as a function of age of onset of cigarette, alcohol and cannabis use: Findings in a Midwestern female twin cohort. Preventive Medicine, 43, 125-128. doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2006.03.022

Agrawal, A., Silberg, J.L., Lynskey, M.T., Maes, H.H., y Eaves, L.J. (2010). Mechanisms underlying the lifetime co-ocurrence of tobacco and cannabis use in adolescent and young adult twins. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 108, 49-55.

Arbinaga, F. (2000). Consumo de drogas y juego patológico en Punta Umbría (Huelva) [Drug use and pathological gambling in Punta Umbría (Huelva)]. Revista Española de Drogodependencias, 25, 301-320.

Barnes, G.M, Welte, J.W, Hoffman, J.H., y Tidwell, M.C. (2009) Gambling, alcohol, and other substance use among youth in the United States. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 70, 134-142.

Becoña, E. (2009). Spain. In G. Meyer, T. Hayer, y M. Griffiths (Eds.), Problem gambling in Europe. Challenges, prevention, and interventions (pp. 281-299). New York: Springer.

Becoña, E., López-Durán, A., Fernández del Río, E., Martínez, U., Osorio, J., Fraga, J., … Domínguez, M.N. (2011). Borracheras, conducción de vehículos y relaciones sexuales en jóvenes consumidores de cocaína y éxtasis. Adicciones, 23, 205-218.

Becoña, E., López-Durán, A., Fernández del Río, E., Martínez, U., Fraga, J., Osorio, J., …. Domínguez, M. N. (2012). Can we predict psychostimulant use in youths? A study with structural equation modeling analysis. Adicciones, 24, 339-346.

Becoña, E., y Míguez M. C. (2001). Juego problema y juego de riesgo en adolescentes: su relación con el consumo de tabaco y alcohol. Adicciones, 13, 279-288.

Becoña, E., y Míguez, M. C. (2006). Concordance of self-reported abstinence and measurement of expired air carbon monoxide in a self-help smoking cessation treatment. Psychological Reports, 99, 125-130. doi: 10.2466/pr0.99.1.125-130

Botvin, E. M., Botvin, G. J., Renick, N.L., Filazzola, A. D., y Allegrante, J. P. (1984). Adolescents’ self-reports of tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana use: examining the comparability of video tape, cartoon and verbal bogus-pipeline procedures. Psychological Reports, 55, 379-386. doi: 10.2466/pr0.1984.55.2.379

Brook, J. S., Balka, E. B., Ning, Y., Whiteman, M., y Finch, S. J. (2006). Smoking involvement during adolescence among African Americans and Puerto Ricans: Risks to psychological and physical well-being in young adulthood. Psychological Reports, 99, 421-438. doi: 10.2466/pr0.99.6.421-438

Brook, J. S., Lee, J. Y., Finch, S. J., y Brown E. N. (2010). Course of comorbidity of tobacco and marijuana use: Psychosocial risk factors. Nicotine y Tobacco Research, 12, 474-482. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntq027

Burke, G. L., Hunter, S. M., Croft, J. B., Cresanta, J. L., y Berenson, G. S. (1988). The interaction of alcohol and tobacco use in adolescents and young adults: Bogalusa Heart Study. Addictive Behaviors, 13, 387-393. doi: 10.1016/0306-4603(88)90046-9

Degenhardt, L., Hall, W., y Lynskey, M. (2001). The relationship between cannabis use and other substance use in the general population. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 64, 319-327. doi: 10.1016/s0376-8716(01)00130-2

Duncan, S. C., Gau, J. M., Duncan, T. E., y Strycker, L. A. (2011). Development and correlates of alcohol use from ages 13-20. Journal of Drug Education, 41, 235-252. doi: 10.2190/DE.41.3.a

Edwards, R. (2004). The problem of tobacco smoking. British Medical Journal, 328, 217-219. doi: 10.1136/bmj.328.7433.217

European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) (2011). Annual Report 2011. The state of the drugs problem in Europe. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union.

Fergusson, D.M., Boden, J.M., y Horwood, L.J. (2008). The developmental antecedents of illicit drug use: Evidence from a 25-year longitudinal study. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 96, 165-177. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2008.03.003

Harper, T. (2003). Smoking and gambling: a trance inducing ritual. Tobacco Control, 12, 231-233. doi: 10.1136/tc.12.2.231  

Hoffman, J. H., Welte, J. W., y Barnes, G. M. (2001). Co-occurrence of alcohol and cigarette use among adolescents. Addictive Behaviors, 26, 63-78. doi: 10.1016/S0306-4603(00)00089-7

Inglés, C.J., Torregrosa, M.S., Rodríguez-Marín, J, García del Castillo, J.A., Gázquez, J.J., García-Fernández, J.M., y Delgado, B. (2013). Alcohol and tobacco use and cognitive-motivational variables in school settings: Effects on academic performance in Spanish adolescents. Adicciones, 25, 63-70.

Kandel, I., y Merrick, J. (2003). Smoking and adolescence. International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health, 15, 365-368. doi: 10.1515/IJAMH.2003.15.4.365

Kandel, D. B., y Yamaguchi, K. (2002). Stages of drug involvement in the U.S. population. In D. B. Kandel (Ed.), Stages and pathways of drug involvement: Examining the gateway hypothesis (pp. 65-89). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Kandel D.B., Yamaguchi K., y Klein L.C. (2006).Testing the gateway hypothesis. Addiction, 101, 470–472. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2006.01426.x

Korhonen, T., Prince van Leeuwen, A., Reijneveld, S.A., Ormel, J., Verhulst, F.C., y Huizink, A.C. (2010). Externalizing behavior problems and cigarette smoking as predictors of cannabis use: The TRAILS study. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 49, 61-69.

McGee, L., y Newcomb, M.D. (1992). General deviance syndrome. Expanded hierarchical evaluations at four ages from early adolescence to adulthood. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 60, 766-776.

McGrath, D. S., y Barrett, S. P.(2009). The comorbidity of tobacco smoking and gambling: a review of the literature. Drug Alcohol Review, 28, 676-681.doi: 10.1111/j.1465-3362.2009.00097.x

McGrath, D. S., Barrett, S. P., Stewart, S. H., y McGrath, P. R. (2012). A comparison of gambling behavior, problem gambling indices, and reasons for gambling among smokers and nonsmokers who gamble: Evidence from a Provincial Gambling Prevalence Study. Nicotine y Tobacco Research, 14, 833-839. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntr294

Míguez, M. C., y Becoña, E. (2006). Consumo de tabaco y alcohol en la población escolar de Galicia. Revista Española de Drogodependencias, 31, 46-56.

Ministerio de Sanidad, Servicios Sociales e Igualdad, y Instituto Nacional de Estadística (2012). Encuesta Nacional de Salud de España 2011/12 (ENSE 2011/12).

Orlando, M., Tucker, J.S., Ellickson, P.L, y Klein, D.J. (2005). Concurrent use of alcohol and cigarettes from adolescence to young adulthood: an examination of developmental trajectories and outcomes. Substance Use y Misuse, 40, 1051-1069. doi: 10.1081/JA-200030789

Patton, G.C, Coffey, C., Carlin, J.B., Sawyer, S.M., Lynskey, M. (2005). Reverse gateways? Frequent cannabis use as a predictor of tobacco initiation and nicotine dependence. Addiction. 100, 1518-1525. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2005.01220.x

Perkonigg, A., Goodwin, R.D., Fiedler, A, Behrendt, S., Beesdo, K., Lieb, R., Wittchen, H.U. (2008).The natural course of cannabis use, abuse and dependence during the first decades of life. Addiction, 103, 439-449. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2007.02064.x

Peters, E. N., Budney, A.J., y Carroll, K.M. (2012). Clinical correlates of co-ocurring cannabis and tobacco use: a systematic review. Addiction, 107, 1404-1417. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2012.03843.x

Piko, B. F. (2006). Adolescent smoking and drinking: The role of communal mastery and other social influences. Addictive Behaviors, 31, 102-114. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh. 2005.04.013

Plan Nacional sobre Drogas (2011). Encuesta Estatal sobre uso de Drogas en Estudiantes de Enseñanzas Secundarias. ESTUDES, 2010. Madrid: Delegación del Gobierno parael Plan Nacional sobre Drogas.

Plan Nacional sobre Drogas (2012). Encuesta sobre alcohol y drogas en población general en España (EDADES 2011-2012). Madrid: Ministerio de Sanidad, Servicios Sociales e Igualdad y Secretaría de Estado de Servicios Sociales e Igualdad.

Prince van Leeuwen, A., Verhulst, F.C., Reijneveld, S.A., Vollebergh, W.A., M., Ormel, J., y Huizink, A.C. (2011). Can the Gateway Hypothesis, the Common Liability Model and/ or the Route of Administration Model predict initiation of cannabis use during adolescence? A survival analysis-The TRAILS Study. Journal of Adolescence, 48, 73-78.

Reed, M. B., McCabe, C., Lange, J. E., Clapp, J. D., y Shillington, A. M. (2010). The relationship between alcohol consumption and past-year smoking initiation in a sample of undergraduates. The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 36, 202-207. doi: 10.3109/00952990.2010.493591

Rush, Ch. C., Becker, S. J., y Curry, J. F. (2009). Personality factors and styles among college students who binge eat and drink. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 23, 140-145. doi: 10.1037/a0013167

Shaffer, H. J., y Hall, M. N. (1996). Estimating the prevalence of adolescent gambling disorders: A quantitative synthesis and guide toward standard gambling nomenclature. Journal of Gambling Studies, 12, 193-214. doi:10.1007/BF01539174

Wanner, B., Vitaro, F., Ladouceur, R., Brendgen, M., y Tremblay, R. E. (2006). Joint trajectories of gambling, alcohol and marijuana use during adolescence: A person-variable-centered developmental approach. Addictive Behaviors, 31, 566-580. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2005.05.037

Villalbí, J.R., Suelves, J.M., Saltó, E., y Cabezas, C. (2011). Valoración de las encuestas a adolescentes sobre consumo de tabaco, alcohol y cannabis en España. Adicciones, 23, 11-16.

Welte, J. W., y Barnes, G. M. (1987). Youthful smoking patterns and relationships to alcohol and other drug use. Journal of Adolescence, 10, 327-340. doi: 10.1016/S0140-1971(87)80015-5

World Health Organization (2013).WHO report on the global tobacco epidemic, 2013: Enforcing bans on tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship. Switzerland: World Health Organization.

Willner P. (2001). A view through the gateway: Expectancies as a possible pathway from alcohol to cannabis. Addiction, 96, 691–703.

Winters, K. C., Stinchfield, R. D., y Fulkerson, J. (1993). Toward the development of an adolescent gambling problem severity scale. Journal of Gambling Studies, 9, 63-84. doi: 10.1007/BF01019925




DOI: https://doi.org/10.20882/adicciones.189

Enlaces refback

  • No hay ningún enlace refback.