Amisulpride en el tratamiento de la dependencia alcohólica

Gerardo Flórez, Pilar A. Saiz, Paz García-Portilla, Sandra Álvarez, Luis Nogueiras, Julio Bobes

Resumen


Objetivos: Estudio abierto, naturalístico de 6 meses de seguimiento, para comparar la eficacia de amisulpride frente a topiramato y naltrexona en pacientes con dependencia al alcohol. Métodos: se han incluido un total de 274 pacientes diagnosticados de dependencia al alcohol y con un consumo intenso de alcohol durante el último mes. Una vez desintoxicados los pacientes fueron asignados a diferentes grupos de tratamiento (naltrexona a 50 mgr por día, topiramato a 200 mgr por día o amisulpride a 100 mgr por día). Dichos pacientes fueron evaluados al inicio del tratamiento y a los 3 y 6 meses de seguimiento mediante instrumentos para medir el consumo de alcohol (EuropASI y Alcohol Timeline Followback), el craving (OCDS), la discapacidad (WHO/DAS) y la calidad de vida (EQ-5D); también se utilizaron marcadores biológicos de consumo de alcohol. Resultados: a los 6 meses los pacientes que tomaban amisulpride obtenían peores resultados en variables relacionadas directamente con el consumo de alcohol (OCDS, alcohol consumido, número de bebidas por día de consumo y días de consumo intenso), sin embargo no se encontraron diferencias significativas en esas variables al compararse con naltrexona. Conclusiones: en este estudio, amisulpride, a dosis de 100 mgr por día, fue menos eficaz que topiramato, a dosis de 200 mgr por día, pero demostró eficacia similar a la naltrexona, a dosis de 50 mgr por día, a la hora de reducir el consumo de alcohol y el craving.


Palabras clave


amisulpride; naltrexona; topiramato; dependencia alcohólica y tratamiento

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.20882/adicciones.158

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